NFC と RFID の違いは何ですか?

NFC and RFID: Key Differences, Applications & Which to Choose (2025 Guide)

RFID and NFC technologies are transforming how we interact with data in everyday life and business operations.

From inventory tracking to contactless payments, these wireless communication methods are helping industries automate processes, reduce errors, and enhance security.

This guide breaks down the difference between RFID and NFC, how they work, their applications, and which one suits your needs best in 2025.

RFIDとNFCとは何か？

RFID（無線自動識別）

RFID uses radio waves to automatically identify and track objects through RFID tags and RFID readers. It’s commonly used across industries such as logistics, retail, manufacturing, and healthcare to track assets and streamline supply chain operations.

Frequency Bands: Low (LF), High (HF), and Ultra-High (UHF)
Read Range: Up to 100 meters (active tags)
Tags: Passive (no battery) or Active (battery-powered)
Use Cases: Inventory management, asset tracking, access control

NFC (Near-Field Communication)

NFC is a specialized subset of RFID, operating at 13.56 MHz (HF). Unlike general RFID, NFC enables two-way communication between devices at very close range—typically under 4 cm. It is widely used for secure, fast data exchange, such as mobile payments or digital business cards.

Frequency Band: High Frequency (13.56 MHz)
Range: Within a few centimeters
Interactivity: Supports two-way communication
Use Cases: Contactless payments, smartphone pairing, public transit

NFC vs RFID: What’s the Difference?

The difference between RFID and NFC lies in range, interactivity, power, and applications. Here’s a quick comparison table:

特徴	RFID	非対称
周波数帯域	LF、HF、UHF	HF（13.56MHz）
読み取り範囲	最大100メートル	数センチ以内
コミュニケーション	一方通行（ほとんど）	双方向
電源	Passive or active	典型的には受動的
アプリケーション	Inventory, supply chain, access control	Mobile payments, data sharing
インタラクティブ性	低い	High (user-device interaction)

“RFID is ideal for large-scale asset tracking, while NFC is designed for secure, short-range interactions like mobile payments.”

RFIDテクノロジーの仕組み

An RFID system relies on three core components:

RFID Tags: Store item information (can be read-only or read/write).
RFID Reader: Emits a signal to power passive tags and retrieve data.
Software System: Interprets and manages collected data.

RFIDタグの種類

Passive RFID Tags: No internal battery, powered by the RFID reader signal.
Active RFID Tags: Have their own power source for longer range and frequent data updates.

RFID and NFC readers are available in handheld and fixed formats, depending on the application.

How NFC Works

NFC technology allows close-range communication between two NFC-enabled devices or a device and an NFC tag.

NFCの利点:

Tap-and-Go Simplicity: No pairing or scanning required.
High Security: Ideal for contactless financial transactions.
Two-Way Communication: Unlike most RFID systems, data can flow in both directions.

NFC and RFID Reader devices are increasingly integrated into smartphones, POS terminals, and transit gates for fast, reliable, and secure interactions.

RFIDの応用

RFID and NFC both power diverse applications, but RFID’s long range and flexibility make it ideal for:

在庫管理

Real-time updates
Automated tracking across warehouses

資産追跡

Monitor medical equipment, tools, or vehicles
Boost efficiency in logistics and healthcare

アクセス制御

Use RFID key cards, fobs, or badges
Control entry to secure buildings or zones

NFCの応用

NFC’s secure and short-range capabilities shine in personal and public-facing applications:

モバイル決済

Apple Pay, Google Pay, Samsung Pay.
Secure transactions in seconds.

Smart Devices & Marketing

Tap to launch apps or share contact info.
Smart tags for product info or check-ins.

交通システム

Contactless transit cards.
Easy boarding in metro the and bus networks.

NFC vs RFID: Which One Should You Use?

使用事例	最高のテクノロジー
長距離追跡	RFID
Inventory or supply chain ops	RFID
Secure, personal transactions	非対称
Mobile payments & ID	非対称
IoT smart automation	両方

If you’re managing thousands of assets, RFID is your go-to. For individual, secure interactions—like tapping your phone—NFC is the clear choice.

NFC and RFID in IoT (Internet of Things)

RFID and NFC are foundational to IoT ecosystems, enabling physical objects to “talk” to digital systems.

RFID in IoT: Monitors goods across supply chains and manufacturing floors.
NFC in IoT: Enables secure device pairing, smart home access, and real-time control via smartphones.
“The combination of NFC and RFID tags is transforming IoT by connecting physical assets to the cloud.”

The Role of Frequency in NFC and RFID Performance

Understanding frequency helps in choosing the right system:

LF (125–134 kHz) – Short range, used in access control
HF（13.56MHz） – Used by both RFID and NFC
UHF (860-960 MHz) – Long range, ideal for supply chains

Each frequency supports different ranges and read speeds, making RFID and NFC Reader selection important for system performance.

NFCとRFIDに関するよくある質問

RFID と NFC の主な違いは何ですか?

NFC is a subset of RFID. While RFID supports longer range and one-way communication, NFC is designed for two-way, short-range interactions.

Can NFC and RFID Tags be used interchangeably?

Not always. NFC operates at HF only, while RFID can use LF, HF, or UHF. NFC tags work only with NFC readers, not all RFID readers.

RFID タグは安全ですか?

Passive RFID tags can be vulnerable without encryption. NFC offers more built-in security, especially for financial transactions.

What is an NFC and RFID Reader?

It’s a device used to read RFID or NFC tags. Many modern smartphones act as NFC readers for contactless actions.

How do NFC-enabled payments work?

Devices use NFC to transmit encrypted payment info wirelessly to compatible terminals — no physical contact required.

Which industries benefit most from RFID?

Retail, healthcare, logistics, manufacturing, and warehousing use RFID for automation and visibility.

最終的な感想

Both RFID and NFC offer significant value—whether you’re tracking pallets or making payments with your smartphone. Your choice should align with your operational needs: