Understanding RFID Cards in Access Control Systems
Table of Contents
Summary
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology plays a crucial role in modern access control systems, enabling secure and efficient management of entry points within buildings and restricted areas.
This article explores the underlying technology of RFID cards, detailing their operation across different frequency bands and examining their role in access control.
How RFID Technology Works
RFID cards operate by harnessing electromagnetic fields to communicate with a card reader. The card reader emits an RF energy field, which powers the embedded aerial inside the RFID card. This aerial, typically a looped copper wire, activates the smart chip within the card, which contains critical data such as the card number, facility codes, and user-specific information.
Once powered, the chip transmits the card’s data back to the reader through the RF field. The reader then forwards this information to the access control system, which determines whether the cardholder is authorized to enter the premises.
Frequency Bands in RFID Cards
RFID cards are categorized by the frequency bands they operate on, with each band offering unique characteristics in terms of read range and data transmission capacity. The primary frequency bands utilized in access control systems are low frequency (125 kHz) and medium frequency (13.56 MHz).
Low Frequency RFID Cards (125 kHz)
Low-frequency RFID cards, operating at 125 kHz, are commonly used in access control due to their reliable performance and longer read range, which can extend up to 1 meter under optimal conditions. However, this frequency is limited in its data transmission capabilities, making it suitable for applications where only minimal data, such as card numbers and customer codes, need to be communicated.
Key Characteristics:
- Frequency:125 kHz
- Read Range:Up to 1 meter
- Data Transfer:Limited to basic information
- Applications:Ideal for simple access control systems
Example of Low-Frequency RFID Cards
The HID Proximity Card and SwiftProx Card are prime examples of low-frequency RFID cards. These cards are widely utilized in access control applications due to their simplicity and effectiveness in transmitting basic identification data.
Medium Frequency RFID Cards (13.56 MHz)
Medium-frequency RFID cards, operating at 13.56 MHz, are increasingly popular due to their enhanced data transfer capabilities. Although they have a shorter read range of around 30 centimeters, these cards support higher data transmission, making them versatile for various applications, including access control and Near Field Communication (NFC).
Key Characteristics:
- Frequency:56 MHz
- Read Range:Up to 30 cm
- Data Transfer:Higher capacity for transmitting detailed information
- Applications:Suitable for more complex access control systems, NFC, and other data-intensive functions
Comparison of RFID Frequencies
Frequency | Read Range | Data Transfer Capacity | Primary Applications |
Low Frequency (125 kHz) | Up to 1 meter | Limited | Basic access control |
Medium Frequency (13.56 MHz) | Up to 30 centimeters | Enhanced | Advanced access control, NFC, data-rich applications |
Conclusion
RFID cards, operating at various frequencies, provide robust solutions for access control systems. Low-frequency cards are well-suited for straightforward access control applications, offering reliable performance with minimal data requirements. Medium-frequency cards, with their greater data transfer capabilities, expand the potential applications to include more complex access control systems and NFC functions. Understanding the differences between these frequency bands is essential for selecting the appropriate RFID technology for your specific needs.
Comments
Hot Products
RFID Laundry Tag Guide 2025: Smarter Tracking, Less Waste, and Real Results
Did you know that smart RFID systems can reduce laundry losses by up to 95%? That’s a game-changer for laundry businesses that lose time and money tracking items manually.
How RFID Tags for Pallet Streamline Tracking in Warehouses
Pallet-level tracking is critical for inventory accuracy, operational efficiency, and real-time visibility in today’s fast-paced logistics and supply chain environments.
Top 5 Types RFID Tag for Warehouse Automation
Warehouse operations are becoming more complex, and manual tracking methods can’t keep up. RFID tags for warehouse automation enable real-time data capture, faster inventory processing, and better traceability.
RFID Smart License Plates Help Hengshui to Track The E-Bikes
As urbanization accelerates and the green travel movement gains momentum, electric bicycles have become vital to daily commuting in Hengshui, Henan Province.
What is A PCB Tag
Learn how innovative tag and RFID solutions transform industries from retail and logistics to healthcare and education.
RFID vs NFC: The Key Differences Between RFID and NFC
This article explores the differences between RFID and NFC, two technologies revolutionizing business operations.
Tags
RELATED BLOGS
RFID Laundry Tag Guide 2025: Smarter Tracking, Less Waste, and Real Results
Did you know that smart RFID systems can reduce laundry losses by up to 95%? That’s a game-changer for laundry businesses that lose time and money tracking items manually.
How RFID Tags for Pallet Streamline Tracking in Warehouses
Pallet-level tracking is critical for inventory accuracy, operational efficiency, and real-time visibility in today’s fast-paced logistics and supply chain environments.
Top 5 Types RFID Tag for Warehouse Automation
Warehouse operations are becoming more complex, and manual tracking methods can’t keep up. RFID tags for warehouse automation enable real-time data capture, faster inventory processing, and better traceability.
