Kako rade RFID oznake?
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A Complete Beginner’s Guide to Passive & Active RFID Systems
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a powerful, contactless technology that allows businesses to identify and track assets, products, and people using radio waves.
But how exactly do RFID tags work — and which type is right for your application?
In this guide, we’ll explain how RFID tags function, the types available, and their use in logistics, retail, healthcare, and manufacturing.
Što je RFID oznaka?
An RFID tag is a small device that stores data and communicates wirelessly with an RFID reader. Tags can be embedded into objects, worn as wristbands, or attached to assets using adhesive, screws, or ties.
Every RFID tag contains two essential components:
Microchip – stores a unique ID and sometimes user-defined data
Antenna – transmits and receives signals to/from a reader
Some tags also contain a battery (for active tags) to boost range and signal strength.
How Do RFID Systems Work?
An RFID system typically includes three main components:
1. RFID Tag – Attached to the item or asset
2. RFID čitač – Sends a signal and receives data from tags
3. Backend System (Software/Database) – Stores and processes the tag data.
The Process:
- The reader emits radio waves.
- The tag receives the signal and sends back its stored data.
- The backend system logs, processes, or automates actions based on that data.
This entire interaction can happen in real-time, without physical contact.
Vrste RFID oznaka
There are three main types of RFID tags, each with unique capabilities:
Pasivne RFID oznake
Izvor napajanja: No battery (powered by the reader signal)
Raspon čitanja: Up to 12 meters (typically less)
Lifespan: 10+ godina
Cijena: Niska
Best For:
- Retail inventory
- Library book tracking
- Logistika opskrbnog lanca
- Smart shelves and anti-theft systems
Passive RFID is the most commonly used type. It is durable, cost-effective, and reliable for short—to mid-range scanning.
Aktivne RFID oznake
Izvor napajanja: Unutarnja baterija
Raspon čitanja: 30–100 meters or more
Lifespan: 3–5 years (battery dependent)
Cijena: viši
Best For:
- Vehicle and fleet tracking
Real-time location systems (RTLS) - Construction and mining safety
- Cold chain logistics
Active tags constantly broadcast signals and are ideal for real-time, long-range tracking in large environments.
Semi-Passive (Battery-Assisted) RFID Tags
- Powered by a battery but only activates when triggered by a reader
- Greater reliability in difficult environments (metal, liquids)
- Balances range and battery life
Semi-passive tags are used in harsh industrial or medical environments where passive tags may fail.
Za što se koriste RFID oznake?
RFID tags are used in dozens of industries to increase efficiency, visibility, and control.
Logistics & Supply Chain
- Track goods throughout warehouses and delivery
- Automate receiving and dispatch processes
Retail & Inventory
- Real-time stock visibility
- Reduce shrinkage and stockouts
zdravstvo
- Track medical equipment and supplies
- Patient safety (ID wristbands, medication matching)
Proizvodnja
- Tracked parts through production lines.
- Ensure quality control and traceability
Understanding RFID Tag Range
Several factors impact how far a tag can communicate:
| Factor | Effect |
|---|---|
| Tag type | Active tags have longer range |
| Frequency band | UHF > HF > LF (in range) |
| okoliš | Metal/liquid can interfere |
| Reader placement | Affects scan efficiency |
Tip: Use metalne RFID oznake for challenging environments like manufacturing.
How to Attach RFID Tags Correctly
Improper placement can affect readability. Here’s what to consider:
Avoid metal/liquid unless using specialized tags
Place in an exposed, accessible location
Use adhesive, screws, or zip ties based on environment
RFID oznake i pametne naljepnice: Koja je razlika?
RFID oznake i pametne naljepnice često se brkaju, ali imaju različite svrhe:
RFID oznake: obično izdržljivije i svestranije, RFID oznake koriste se u širokom rasponu aplikacija gdje je potrebno dugoročno praćenje i identifikacija.
Pametne naljepnice: To su u biti RFID oznake ugrađene u tradicionalnu tiskanu naljepnicu. Pametne naljepnice su fleksibilnije i mogu se ispisati na zahtjev, što ih čini idealnim za upravljanje zalihama i maloprodaju.
Odabir između RFID oznaka i pametnih naljepnica ovisi o specifičnim potrebama aplikacije, uključujući trajnost, cijenu i potrebne značajke.
Budućnost RFID tehnologije: Trendovi i inovacije
RFID tehnologija nastavlja se razvijati, s nekoliko uzbudljivih trendova na horizontu:
IoT integracija: RFID postaje sastavni dio Interneta stvari (IoT), omogućujući besprijekornu povezanost i razmjenu podataka između fizičkih objekata i digitalnih sustava.
Smaller and More Efficient Tags: Technological advances are leading to smaller, more powerful RFID tags that can be used in more applications.
Povećana primjena: Kako se troškovi i dalje smanjuju, a tehnologija poboljšava, sve više industrija usvaja RFID sustave za poboljšanje učinkovitosti i smanjenje troškova.
Budućnost RFID-a je svijetla, s inovacijama koje će dodatno poboljšati njegove mogućnosti i proširiti njegove primjene.
Choosing the Right RFID Tag for Your Application
When selecting an RFID tag, consider the following:
- Read range needed
- Tag environment (metal, water, heat, chemicals)
- Data requirements (read-only or read/write)
- Cost per unit
- Integration with your existing system
Need help choosing? Kontaktirajte nas for expert advice or request a free sample kit to test in your environment.
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